/* ==========================================================================
   0. POLICES PERSONNALISÉES (Chargement prioritaire)
   ========================================================================== */
/* sahl naskh */
@font-face {
  font-family: 'Sahl Naskh';
  font-style: normal;
  font-weight: 700;
  font-display: swap;
  src: local('Sahl Naskh Bold'), local('Sahl Naskh'), url('fonts/SahlNaskh-700.woff2') format('woff2');
}

@font-face {
  font-family: 'Sahl Naskh';
  font-style: normal;
  font-weight: 400;
  font-display: swap;
  src: local('Sahl Naskh Regular'), local('Sahl Naskh'), url('fonts/SahlNaskh-400.woff2') format('woff2');
}
/* end sahl naskh */


/* ==========================================================================
   1. BLOC COMMUN (Partagé par tous les écrans, ordonné du haut vers le bas)
   ========================================================================== */
/* Configuration globale */
* {
  box-sizing: border-box;
}

html {
  scroll-behavior: smooth;
}

body {
  font-family: Georgia, Tahoma, 'Segoe UI', Sans-serif;
  margin: 0;
  padding: 0;
  background-color: #e2effc;
}

/* Conteneur principal */
#wrap {
  max-width: 920px;
  margin: 0 auto;
  background-color: #fff;
  box-sizing: border-box;
}

/* En-tête / Header */
header {
  margin-bottom: 40px;
}

footer, header {
  position: relative;
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  align-items: center;
  width: 100%;
  margin: 0 auto;
  text-align: center;
}

#banner {
  text-align: center;
}

#banner img {
  display: block;
  max-width: 100%;
  height: auto;
  border-radius: 4px;
}

/* Menus de navigation */
.menu {
  overflow: hidden;
  width: 100%;
  margin: 7px 0;
  background: #258ec2;
  text-align: center;
  border-radius: 4px;
  box-shadow: 0 2px 5px rgba(0,0,0,0.05);
}

.menu a {
  color: #fff;
  margin: 2px;
  min-width: 100px;
  text-decoration: none;
  border: 1px solid #369;
  border-radius: 4px;
  opacity: 0.8;
}

.menu a:hover {
  color: black;
  background-color: skyBlue;
  transition: all 1.5s ease;
}

.active {
  background-color: #369;
}

.nav-wrap {
  display: flex;
  justify-content: center;
  align-items: center;
  width: 100%;
  padding: 10px 0;
}

.nav-switch {
  display: flex;
  list-style: none;
  padding: 0;
  margin: 0;
}

.nav-item {
  display: flex;
  justify-content: center;
  align-items: center;
  color: #fff;
  background-color: #258ec2;
  font-family: Tahoma, sans-serif;
  font-weight: bold;
  text-decoration: none;
  border-radius: 50%;
  transition: all 1.5s ease;
}

.nav-item:hover {
  color: black;
  background-color: skyBlue;
  transition: 1.5s;
}

.actif {
  color: #fff;
  background-color: #369;
}

/* Zone de contenu textuel */
#content {
  font-family: 'Lucida Sans Unicode', 'Sahl Naskh', Tahoma, Sans-serif;
  text-align: justify;
  border-radius: 4px;
  box-shadow: 0 4px 15px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);
}

/* Éléments textuels et titres */
h1 {
  position: absolute;
  width: 1px;
  height: 1px;
  padding: 0;
  margin: -1px;
  overflow: hidden;
  clip-path: inset(50%);
  white-space: nowrap;
  border: 0;
}

h2 {
  color: #2c3e50;
  margin: 0;  
  font-size: 18px;
  text-align: center;
}

h3 {
  margin: 0;
  font-weight: 700;
  text-align: justify;
}

h4, .link {
  margin: 0;
  font-weight: 400;
  text-align: center;
}

p {
  margin: 0 0 6px 0;
}

a {
  color: #369;
  text-decoration: none;
}

a:hover {
  color: #c66;
  transition: 1.5s;
}

.center {
  text-align: center;
}

/* Multilinguisme (Arabe) */
[lang="ar"] {
  font-family: 'Sahl Naskh', Tahoma, Sans-serif;
  direction: rtl;
  text-align: justify;
}

.desc[lang="ar"] {
  display: block;
  color: #404748;
  margin-top: 10px;
  font-size: 1.1rem;
  text-align: center;
}

.subtitle[lang="ar"] {
  display: block;
  font-weight: 400;
  text-align: center;
}

/* Séparateurs */
.separator {
  height: 1px;
  width: 25%;
  margin: 15px auto;
  background: radial-gradient(circle, #336699 0%, rgba(255,255,255,0) 70%);
  border: 0;
}

.small {
  height: 1px;
  width: 12%;
  margin: 10px auto;
  background: radial-gradient(circle, #2c3e50 0%, rgba(255,255,255,0) 70%);
  border: 0;
}

/* Article abstracts */
.abstract-ar {
  font-family: 'Sahl Naskh', Tahoma, Sans-serif;
}

.abstract-en, .abstract-fr {
  font-family: 'Lucida Sans Unicode', Tahoma, Sans-serif;
}

/* Système de Colonnes */
.page-container {
  display: flex;
  justify-content: center;
  align-items: center;
  font-family: system-ui, sans-serif;
  padding: 10px;
  background-color: #f4f6f9;
  box-sizing: border-box;
}

.columns-wrapper {
  display: flex;
  gap: 10px;
  width: 100%;
  max-width: 920px;
}

.vertical-column {
  flex: 1;
  margin: 0;
  padding: 10px; 
  background: #ffffff;
  border-radius: 12px;
  box-shadow: 0 4px 20px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.05);
}

.col-left {
  border-top: 5px solid #007bff;
}

.col-right {
  border-top: 5px solid #28a745;
}

/* Pied de page / Footer & Réseaux sociaux */
footer {
  background-color: #258ec2;
  border-radius: 4px;
}

.media {
  position: relative;
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  align-items: center;
  width: 100%;
}

.media-buttons {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  margin-top: 15px;
}

.media-buttons .link {
  display: flex;
  justify-content: center;
  align-items: center;
  color: #fff;
  margin: 0 8px;
  background-color: #4070f4;
  text-decoration: none;
  border-radius: 50%;
  transition: transform 0.3s ease;
}

.media-buttons a:hover {
  color: orange;
}

.media-buttons .link:hover {
  transform: scale(1.1);
}

.link.facebook { background-color: #1877f2; }
.link.twitter-x { background-color: #1da1f2; }
.link.linkedin { background-color: #0077b5; }
.link.wordpress { background-color: #21759b; }

.copy {
  width: 100%;
  color: #fff;
  margin-bottom: 0;
  padding: 17px;
  background: #369;
  text-align: center;
  opacity: 0.5;
}

/* Navigation et défilement (Scroll) */
.scrolltop {
  position: relative;
  display: flex;
  justify-content: center;
  width: 36px;
  height: 36px;
  background: white;
  text-align: center;
  float: right;
  border-radius: 50%;
  box-shadow: 0 4px 10px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2);
  cursor: pointer;
  z-index: 9;
}

.scrolldown {
  position: relative;
  width: 36px;
  height: 36px;
  margin: 0;
  background: white;
  text-align: center;
  float: right;
  border-radius: 50%;
  transform: rotate(180deg);
  z-index: 9;
}

.scrolltop a, .scrolldown a {
  position: relative;
  display: inline-block;
  bottom: 10px;
  font-family: Tahoma, Geneva, Sans-serif;
  font-size: 60px;
  font-weight: bold;
  text-decoration: none;
  animation: bounce 2s infinite;
}

.backtolist {
  position: relative;
  width: 36px;
  height: 36px;
  background: #369;
  border: 1px solid #369;
  float: left;
  border-radius: 50%;
  transform: rotate(270deg);
  z-index: 9;
}

.backtolist a {
  position: relative;
  bottom: 10px;
  left: 6px;
  color: #fff;
  font-family: Tahoma, Geneva, Sans-serif;
  font-size: 60px;
  font-weight: bold;
}

.backtolist a:hover {
  color: orange;
}

.backtolist:hover {
  background: #1da1f2;
}

/* Filigrane d'arrière-plan */
.gravatar {
  position: relative;
  background-image: url('https://0.gravatar.com/userimage/25021297/f6b5aedf3540cc42ffecdb0851938b4a?size=256&axis=min');
  background-repeat: no-repeat;
  background-position: center bottom;
  background-attachment: fixed;
  opacity: 0.9; /* Rend le filigrane semi-transparent */
  z-index: 1; /* S'assure que le filigrane est en dessous du texte */
}

/* ==========================================================================
   2. ZONE MOBILE (Écrans de 0px à 479px)
   ========================================================================== */
@media screen and (max-width: 479px) {
#wrap {
  padding: 10px;
}

.menu {
  padding: 10px 5px;
}

.menu a {
  display: block;
  margin: 5px 2px;
  padding: 10px 12px;
  font-size: 16px;
}

.nav-switch {
  gap: 12px;
}

.nav-item {
  width: 38px;
  height: 38px;
  font-size: 14px;
}

#content {
  padding: 10px 15px;
  font-size: 16px;
  line-height: 1.6;
}

[lang="ar"] {
  font-size: 16px;
  line-height: 1.6;
}

h3 {
  font-size: 16px;
}

h4, .link {
  font-size: 15px;
}

.columns-wrapper {
  flex-direction: column;
}

.media-buttons .link {
  width: 32px;
  height: 32px;
  font-size: 16px;
}

.scrolltop {
  right: 5px;
  bottom: 35px;
}

.scrolldown {
  right: 5px;
  bottom: 42px;
}

.backtolist {
  left: 5px;
  bottom: 5px;
}

.gravatar {
  background-size: cover;
  }
}


/* ==========================================================================
   3. ZONE TABLETTE (Écrans de 480px à 768px)
   ========================================================================== */
@media screen and (min-width: 480px) and (max-width: 768px) {
#wrap {
  padding: 15px;
}

.menu {
  padding: 8px 10px 7px 10px;
}

.menu a {
  display: inline-block;
  padding: 6px 12px;
  font-size: 18px;
}

.nav-switch {
  gap: 15px;
}

.nav-item {
  width: 33px;
  height: 33px;
  font-size: 15px;
}

#content {
  padding: 6px 20px;
  font-size: 18px;
  line-height: 1.7;
}

[lang="ar"] {
  font-size: 18px;
  line-height: 1.7;
}

h3 {
  font-size: 18px;
}

h4, .link {
  font-size: 16px;
}

.columns-wrapper {
  flex-direction: row;
}

.media-buttons .link {
  width: 25px;
  height: 25px;
  font-size: 18px;
}

.scrolltop {
  right: 8px;
  bottom: 44px;
}

 .scrolldown {
  right: 10px;
  bottom: 52px;
}

.backtolist {
  left: auto;
  right: 8px;
  bottom: 10px;
}

.gravatar {
  background-size: contain;
  }
}


/* ==========================================================================
   4. ZONE ORDINATEUR (Écrans à partir de 769px)
   ========================================================================== */
@media screen and (min-width: 769px) {
#wrap {
  padding: 20px;
 }

.menu {
  padding: 8px 10px 7px 10px;
}

.menu a {
  display: inline-block;
  padding: 6px 12px;
  font-size: 19px;
 }

 .nav-switch {
  gap: 15px;
 }

.nav-item {
   width: 33px;
   height: 33px;
  font-size: 15px;
}

#content {
  padding: 6px 20px;
  font-size: 19px;
  line-height: 1.8;
}
[lang="ar"] {
  font-size: 19px;
  line-height: 1.8;
}
h3 {
font-size: 19px;
}
h4, .link {
  font-size: 17px;
}
.columns-wrapper {
  flex-direction: row;
}
.media-buttons .link {
  width: 25px;
  height: 25px;
  font-size: 18px;
}
.scrolltop {
right: 8px;
bottom: 44px;
}
.scrolldown {
  right: 10px;
  bottom: 52px;
}
.backtolist {
  left: 6px;
  bottom: 10px;
}
.gravatar {
  background-size: auto;
 }
}